How many different data types are available in php?

A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 9

How many different data types are available in php?

A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 9

Which one is not a data type in PHP?

A. Resources
B. Objects
C. Null
D. Void

Which one is not a data type in PHP?

A. Resources
B. Objects
C. Null
D. Void

The range of integers must lie between ?

A. -2^15 to 2^15.
B. -2^16 to 2^16.
C. -2^31 to 2^31.
D. -2^32 to 2^32.

The range of integers must lie between ?

A. -2^15 to 2^15.
B. -2^16 to 2^16.
C. -2^31 to 2^31.
D. -2^32 to 2^32.

Objects are defined as instances of user defined classes that can hold

A. values
B. functions
C. both values and functions
D. None of the above

Objects are defined as instances of user defined classes that can hold

A. values
B. functions
C. both values and functions
D. None of the above

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php

$lfc = NULL; echo $lfc;

0
Null
No Output
Error

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php

$lfc = NULL; echo $lfc;

0
Null
No Output
Error

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
$intArray = array( 10, 20 , 30);
echo “First Element: $intArray[3]
“;
?>
A. First Element: 10
B. First Element: 20
C. First Element: 30
D. Warning: Undefined array key

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
$intArray = array( 10, 20 , 30);
echo “First Element: $intArray[3]
“;
?>
A. First Element: 10
B. First Element: 20
C. First Element: 30
D. Warning: Undefined array key

Which data type in PHP offers special variables that hold the references of resources that are external to PHP?

A. Array
B. Resources
C. object
D. string

Do you know?

The first-ever website, created by Tim Berners-Lee, went live on August 6, 1991. It was a simple page describing the World Wide Web project and how to use hypertext to access documents.

PHP OPERATORS

Introduction

Operators are symbols that tell the PHP processor to perform certain actions.
Arithmetic operators
Assignment operators
Comparison operators
Increment/Decrement operators
String operators
Array operators
Conditional assignment operators
Logical operators

Arithmetic operators

The PHP arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common arithmetical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc.

Operator	Description	Example	Result
+	Addition	$x + $y	Sum of $x and $y
–	Subtraction	$x – $y	Difference of $x and $y.
*	Multiplication	$x * $y	Product of $x and $y.
/	Division	$x / $y	Quotient of $x and $y
%	Modulus	$x % $y	Remainder of $x divided by $y
**	Exponentiation	$x ** $y	Result of raising $x to the $y’th power

Arithmetic operators(contd.)

<?php

$x = 10;

$y = 4;

echo($x + $y); // 0utputs: 14 echo “ ”;

echo($x – $y); // 0utputs: 6

echo “ ”;

echo($x * $y); // 0utputs: 40 echo “ ”;

echo($x / $y); // 0utputs: 2.5 echo “ ”;

echo($x % $y); // 0utputs: 2

echo “ ”;

echo($x ** $y); // 0utputs: 10000

Assignment operators

The PHP assignment operators are used with numeric values to write a value to a variable.

Operator	Description	Example	Is The Same As
=	Assign	$x = $y	$x = $y
+=	Add and assign	$x += $y	$x = $x + $y
-=	Subtract and assign	$x -= $y	$x = $x – $y
*=	Multiply and assign	$x *= $y	$x = $x * $y
/=	Divide and assign quotient	$x /= $y	$x = $x / $y
%=	Divide and assign modulus	$x %= $y	$x = $x % $y

Assignment operators(contd.)

<?php

$x = 10;

echo $x; // Outputs: 10

echo “ ”;

$x = 20;

$x += 30;

echo $x; // Outputs: 50 echo “ ”;

$x = 50;

$x -= 20;

echo $x; // Outputs: 30

echo “ ”;

$x = 5;

$x *= 25;

echo $x; // Outputs: 125 echo “ ”;

$x = 50;

$x /= 10;

echo $x; // Outputs: 5

echo “ ”;

$x = 100;

$x %= 15;

echo $x; // Outputs: 10

Assignment operators(contd.)

OUTPUT: 10

125

Do you know?

Rasmus Lerdorf created PHP (Personal Home Page) in 1994, originally as a simple tool to track visitors to his online resume.

Comparison operators

The comparison operators are used to compare two values in a Boolean fashion.

Comparison operators(contd.)

Operator	Name	Example	Result
==	Equal	$x == $y	True if $x is equal to $y
===	Identical	$x === $y	True if $x is equal to $y, and they are of the same type
!=	Not equal	$x != $y	True if $x is not equal to $y
<>	Not equal	$x <> $y	True if $x is not equal to $y
!==	Not identical	$x !== $y	True if $x is not equal to $y, or they are not of the same type
<	Less than	$x < $y	True if $x is less than $y
>	Greater than	$x > $y	True if $x is greater than $y
>=	Greater than or equal to	$x >= $y	True if $x is greater than or equal to $y
<=	Less than or equal to	$x <= $y	True if $x is less than or equal to $y

Comparison operators(contd.)

<?php

$x = 25;

$y = 35;

$z = “25”;

var_dump($x == $z); // Outputs: boolean true var_dump($x === $z); // Outputs: boolean false var_dump($x != $y); // Outputs: boolean true var_dump($x !== $z); // Outputs: boolean true var_dump($x < $y); // Outputs: boolean true var_dump($x > $y); // Outputs: boolean false var_dump($x <= $y); // Outputs: boolean true var_dump($x >= $y); // Outputs: boolean false

Do you know?

“Source code affects search engine ranking”

Incrementing and Decrementing Operators

The increment/decrement operators are used to increment/decrement a variable’s value.

Operator	Name	Effect
++$x	Pre-increment	Increments $x by one, then returns $x
$x++	Post-increment	Returns $x, then increments $x by one
–$x	Pre-decrement	Decrements $x by one, then returns $x
$x–	Post-decrement	Returns $x, then decrements $x by one

Incrementing and Decrementing Operators(contd.)

<html>

<?php

$x = 10;

echo ++$x; // Outputs: 11 echo $x; // Outputs: 11 echo “ ”;

$x = 10;

echo $x++; // Outputs: 10 echo $x; // Outputs: 11 echo “ ”;

$x = 10;

echo –$x; // Outputs: 9 echo $x; // Outputs: 9 echo “ ”;

$x = 10;

echo $x–; // Outputs: 10 echo $x; // Outputs: 9

</html>

Incrementing and Decrementing Operators(contd.)

OUTPUT: 1111

1011

109

String Operators

The string operators are used to perform the operation on strings.

Operator

Description

Example

Result

Concatenation

$str1 . $str2

Concatenation of

$str1 and $str2

Concatenation assignment

$str1 .= $str2

Appends the $str2 to the $str1

String Operators(contd.)

<?php

$x = “Hello”;

$y = ” World!”;

echo $x . $y; // Outputs: Hello World! echo “ ”;

$x .= $y;

echo $x; // Outputs: Hello World!

OUTPUT:

Hello World!

PHP Conditional Assignment Operators

The PHP conditional assignment operators are used to set a value depending on conditions:

Ternary

$x = expr1 ? expr2 : expr3

Returns the value of $x.

The value of $x is expr2 if expr1 = TRUE. The value of $x is expr3 if expr1 = FALSE

Null coalescing

$x = expr1 ?? expr2

Returns the value of $x.

The value of $x is expr1 if expr1 exists, and is not NULL.

If expr1 does not exist, or is NULL, the value of $x

is expr2.

Introduced in PHP 7

PHP Conditional Assignment Operators(contd.) – Ternary operator

<?php

echo $status = (empty($user)) ? “anonymous” : $user; echo “ ”;

$user = “Michael”;

echo $status = (empty($user)) ? “anonymous” : $user;

?> OUTPUT:

anonymous Michael

PHP Conditional Assignment Operators(contd.) – Null coalescing

<?php

echo $status = $user ?? ‘anonymous’; echo “ ”;

$user = “Michael”;

echo $status = $user ?? ‘anonymous’;

OUTPUT:

anonymous Michael

Logical Operators

The logical operators are typically used to combine conditional statements.

Operator	Name	Example	Result
and	And	$x and $y	True if both $x and $y are true
or	Or	$x or $y	True if either $x or $y is true
xor	Xor	$x xor $y	True if either $x or $y is true, but not both
&&	And	$x && $y	True if both $x and $y are true
\|\|	Or	$x \|\| $y	True if either $x or $y is true
!	Not	!$x	True if $x is not true

Logical Operators(contd.)

<?php

$year = 2014;

// Leap years are divisible by 400 or by 4 but not 100

if(($year % 400 == 0) || (($year % 100 != 0) && ($year % 4 ==

0))){

echo “$year is a leap year.”;

} else{

echo “$year is not a leap year.”;

}

OUTPUT:

2014 is not a leap year.

Do you know?

Web 2.0: Coined around 2004, the term “Web 2.0” represented a shift in focus from static web pages to more dynamic and user-centered

experiences,	including	social media,	user-
generated	content,	and interactive	web
applications.

Which of the following is type of operators in PHP?

A. Arithmetic Operators
B. Comparison Operators
C. Assignment Operators
D. All of the above

Which of the following is type of operators in PHP?

A. Arithmetic Operators
B. Comparison Operators
C. Assignment Operators

D. All of the above

Operator ++ indicate?

A. Decrement operator
B. Increment operator
C. Modulus Operator
D. None of the above

Operator ++ indicate?

A. Decrement operator
B. Increment operator
C. Modulus Operator
D. None of the above

Operator ? Means?

A. Assignment Operators
B. Modulus AND assignment operator
C. Conditional Operator
D. Divide AND assignment operator

Operator ? Means?

A. Assignment Operators
B. Modulus AND assignment operator
C. Conditional Operator
D. Divide AND assignment operator

[pdf_note link=”https://drive.google.com/file/d/1P2LPxjB16pNj3L_p00COFOACpHd3fn8d/view”]

INT220 – Operators – B.TECH (CSE) LPU Notes

Editorial Staff

The range of integers must lie between ?

The range of integers must lie between ?

Objects are defined as instances of user defined classes that can hold

Objects are defined as instances of user defined classes that can hold

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

Which data type in PHP offers special variables that hold the references of resources that are external to PHP?

Introduction

Arithmetic operators

Arithmetic operators(contd.)

Assignment operators

Assignment operators(contd.)

Assignment operators(contd.)

Do you know?

Comparison operators

Comparison operators(contd.)

Do you know?

Incrementing and Decrementing Operators

Incrementing and Decrementing Operators(contd.)

Incrementing and Decrementing Operators(contd.)

String Operators

String Operators(contd.)

PHP Conditional Assignment Operators

PHP Conditional Assignment Operators(contd.) – Ternary operator

PHP Conditional Assignment Operators(contd.) – Null coalescing

Logical Operators

Logical Operators(contd.)

Do you know?

D. All of the above